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This study suggests that Cupressaceae plantations play a part in the function of habitats, such as refuge, resting and nesting environments, and protection from wind and snow, for Japanese squirrels during winter in snowy areas. The results showed a high probability of footprint occurrence in areas close to Cupressaceae and Pinaceae forests and a low probability of footprint occurrence in areas with a high proportion of Cupressaceae forests.
We analyzed the relationships between the occurrence of Japanese squirrels based on footprints and environmental factors (i.e., the proportion of surrounding broad-leaved forest, Cupressaceae forest, and Pinaceae forest distance from broad-leaved forest, Cupressaceae forest, Pinaceae forest, and water bodies, and elevation) using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). We searched for Japanese squirrel footprints in the snow along the 37 survey routes, from January 8 to March 8, 2020. In this study, we examined the importance of evergreen coniferous plantations as habitats for Japanese squirrels. We clarified the landscape-scale habitat selection of Japanese squirrels during winter in heavy snowfall areas in northeastern Japan.
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